Dog Dieting Tips

A study carried out in 2008 revealed that there about 30 million dogs in the US that are overweight or obese. The number is equivalent to 44% of the US dog population. This is a significant veterinary health issue since obese dogs are most likely to develop early dog arthritis, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease and certain types of cancer.

There are physiological conditions that can contribute to weight gain; nevertheless, it all comes down to two major factors: overfeeding and a lack of exercise. This means that unless the dog owner makes the necessary changes in how they treat their dog, then weight loss is very difficult.

The first thing dog owners need to do is to accept there is a problem. Some people prefer their pets to be on the heavy side. Again, it is worth pointing out that an overweight pet is not a healthy one.

The second thing they can do is to consult a vet. It would be unsafe to place a dog on a diet that is not recommended by a vet. An overweight dog’s health is already compromised; you do not want the dog’s health to deteriorate further by starving the animal.

During a veterinary appointment, an overweight dog is examined. Sometimes a blood test is carried out. This step ensures that whatever weight loss program is recommended, it will be catered to your dog’s current state of health. Although you want a decrease in calories, you certainly don’t want to deny the dog essential nutrients it needs to stay healthy.

The following are components of a good diet:

1. Essential Fatty Acids. Fat needs to be reduced in a weight loss diet, but it cannot be fully removed. Some forms of fat are beneficial to the body such as omega-3 fatty acids. The best source of essential fatty acids is fish oil.

2. Soluble Fiber. One way of aiding the weight loss process is by increasing the intake of soluble fiber since it increases the dog’s metabolism. Meals rich in fiber are very filling as well.

3. Protein. Overweight dogs undergoing a weight loss program will likely have an exercise program. The dog must receive the recommended amount of protein to prevent muscle loss and promote fat burning.

4. Vitamins and minerals. The main objective of any weight loss diet is to promote weight while making sure the dog is healthy. Vitamins and minerals ensure that dog’s bodily functions are unaffected even though animal is eating less food.

For more information on how to treat and care for dog arthritis, visit: http://www.dogarthritisblog.info

The 2012 Arthritis Walk

Here is some information from the Arthritis Foundation. Human Arthritis that is, but the work they do helps our dogs as well. Plus they would love to get our dogs active and involved.

Continue on reading just visit our site Dog Arthritis or click here.

Are Dog Foods With Glucosamine Supplements Effective?

Dog arthritis is very common in older dogs. With more than 5 million dogs affected in the U.S.A. alone, there are plenty of companies looking to grab a share of the money that’s spent every year on dog arthritis treatments.

One industry that’s really trying to grab some market share is pet food manufacturers. In order to attract dog arthritis business, some pet food companies are selling products that contain glucosamine, chondroitin and Omega 3 fatty acids.

Visit our site just click here.

A Dog Owner’s Overview for Grade 2 Dog Arthritis

Some people view dog arthritis as a natural part of the ageing process. Although there is some truth to this, it often leads to a belief that the disease does not require treatment. However, dog arthritis does require veterinary attention, and if it is treated in its early stages, the damage done to the joints can be reversed.

In my veterinary practice, I have created a grading system to assess the severity of a dog’s arthritis. This grading system has proven to be helpful because it helps owners have a better grasp of their dog’s condition plus it serves as a guide for me, so I can recommend treatment options that can specifically address the medical needs of the dog at a certain grade of arthritis. This article will be a brief but detailed discussion on grade 2 dog arthritis.

Grade 2 Dog Arthritis Symptoms and Treatments 

X-rays and arthroscopy will reveal the early signs of bone spurs or osteophytes. The joint space will also be narrower and some scar tissue will start to build up around the affected joint. Hence, some swelling and thickening of the joints will be noticed in the affected joints.

In grade 2 dog arthritis, the dog will be experiencing mild lameness more frequently especially after some physical activity or after period of rest. Also, the dog will become less active. The arthritic dog may move slower, avoid jumping or running, and will go around obstacles instead of going over them.

If arthritis is caught at this stage, the window of opportunity to reverse the effects of the disease still exists. Treating grade 2 dog arthritis requires treatments used in grade 1 dog arthritis with the addition of Tramadol and dietary supplements.

Tramadol is a prescription painkiller that is considered to be one of the most reliable analgesics and can even be considered as a replacement for non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. However, the drug is not available in some countries and states as local laws have labelled it as a controlled substance.

For dietary supplements, look for products containing fish oil omega-3 fatty acids. EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid) is an omega-3 fatty acid, which can reduce inflammation that can only be found in fish oil. Studies have also revealed that omega-3 helps to protect the existing cartilage from further damage. Another nutrient you should look for in a supplement is Niacinamide or Vitamin B3. This vitamin improves cartilage production, prevents further cartilage damage, and improves joint mobility. Lastly, look for supplements containing Avocado and Soybean Unsaponifiables (ASU). This substance has anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties and can help improve chondrocyte metabolism.

Assessing and Treating Dog Arthritis

An effective treatment plan for dog arthritis must have the following objectives: (1) cartilage repair and protection, (2) inflammation management and (3) pain relief. However, the treatment plan must be based on an accurate assessment of the patient’s condition. In human medicine, a grading system is used to assess a patient’s stage of arthritis. This helps the patient better understand his or her condition and makes it easier for the doctor to formulate an appropriate treatment that can be catered to the patient’s condition. In my veterinary practice, I have formulated a similar grading system for dog arthritis. In my grading system, I use four grades with one describing the mildest form through to four which refers to the most severe form.

Grade 1 Arthritis 

This grade refers to the onset of the disease where damage to the joint cartilage is quite minimal. From time to time, the dog will be experiencing mild lameness, however, it will hardly be noticeable. The dog will be experiencing minor pain as well, but will hide this so the owner will barely notice anything wrong with their dog. If you are lucky enough to catch the disease in this early stage, weight management, exercise and supplements will be helpful to prevent the disease from progressing to the next stage. Preventing surgery can also be an option.

Grade 2 Arthritis

In this grade, the mild lameness will be more frequent especially after resting or doing some physical activity. X-rays and endoscopy will reveal the early signs of bone spurs, the growth of scar tissue around the joint and the narrowing of the joint space. For treatment, options used for grade 1 arthritis should be reinforced with Tramadol and omega- 3 supplements.

Grade 3 Arthritis

When your dog’s arthritis reaches this stage, the dog will be experiencing severe and frequent lameness, pronounced joint inflammation and chronic joint pain. X-rays and endoscopy will show large bone spurs, more scar tissue and cracks in the cartilage. Treatment of grade 3 arthritis should compose of grade 1 and 2 arthritis treatment options with the addition of neuropathic pain medicines, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and dietary supplements containing bioflavanoids and potent anti-oxidants.

Grade 4 Arthritis

The last grade describes the most severe form of dog arthritis. X-rays and endoscopy will show the presence of large bone spurs, extensive cartilage damage and dense scar tissue surrounding the affected joint(s). In this stage, the dog will be rendered almost totally immobile. Treatment for this grade will include grade 1, 2, and 3 arthritis treatments, stem cell therapy, doxycycline, stronger opioids, biophosphonates and cortisone injections.

Learning More about Dog Arthritis and Supplements 2 – Cosequin

Cosequin is a dietary supplement given to dogs to help maintain healthy joints. The product contains ingredients that are believed to be beneficial for dogs suffering arthritis such glucosamine, low molecular weight chondroitin sulfate, and manganese. Cosequin is manufactured by Nurtramax Laboratories and is currently endorsed by popular TV animal expert Jack Hanna.

Using Cosequin Safely 

Cosequin is non-prescription health product and is generally considered by vets as a safe product to use in dogs.

1. Side Effects. There are no known side effects.
2. Drug Interactions. There are no known drug interactions.
3. Your Dog’s Current Condition. If your dog is diabetic, it is recommended that the blood sugar levels should be carefully monitored as the supplement may contribute to a sudden spike in glucose.

The Right Dose 

Cosequin contains the following active ingredients:

· Glucosamine helps maintain the structural integrity of cartilage. Glucosamine helps cartilage retain water molecules making the tissue resistant to compression.
· Chondroitin helps in the production of new joint cartilage and synovial fluid. Not only that, chondroitin also inhibits the catabolic activity of chondrocytes (cells responsible for producing new cartilage) as well as preventing the production of more proteolytic enzymes, nitric oxide, and other substances that can damage the cartilage.
· Manganese is used in the production of the enzyme manganese superoxide dismutase. The enzyme protects cells from free radicals.
Cosequin is a non-prescription animal health product. It is available as chewable artificially-flavored tablets and capsules.
For the first four to six weeks the standard dose for dogs weighing less than ten pounds should be half to one capsule daily. Dogs that are between ten and twenty-four pounds should have one capsule in the morning and one capsule in the evening.

For the chewable tablets, dogs less than ten pounds should be given half a tablet daily, while dogs that between ten and twenty-four pounds should have half a tablet in the morning and half a tablet in the evening. For dogs weighing twenty-five to forty-nine pounds, they should be given one tablet in the morning and one tablet in the evening. Dogs weighing fifty to one hundred pounds should be given two tablets in the morning and one tablet in the evening and dogs over one hundred pounds should have two tablets in the morning and evening.

After four to six weeks, dogs weighing less than ten pounds should be given half to one capsule every other day, Dogs weighing ten to twenty-four pounds should have one capsule daily.

For the chewable tablets, dogs weighing less than ten pounds should be given half a tablet every other day; dogs that weigh ten to twenty-four pounds should have half a tablet daily. Dogs weighing twenty-five to forty-nine pounds should be given one tablet daily. Dogs weighing fifty to one hundred pounds should be given one to two tablets daily. Dogs over one hundred pounds should have one tablet in the morning and evening.

Cosequin should be stored in a cool dry that is not accessible by animals or children.

Download PDF file here.

A Basic Guide for Prescription Dog Food with Omega-3 – Hill’s J/D

Hill’s J/D is a prescription dog food specifically formulated for dogs afflicted with dog arthritis or other orthopedic diseases. It is an excellent source omega-3, which can actually reduce inflammation. Furthermore, omega-3 is able to reduce the level of TNF-alpha, a pro-inflammatory mediator responsible for the release of MMP (matrix metallaporteinases) enzymes. These enzymes are released by connective tissue cells in response to the presence of inflammation and are capable of breaking down collagen, an important component of cartilage, tendons, ligaments, and bones.

Aside from omega-3, Hill’s J/D contain the following nutrients that will aid in the maintenance of healthy joints: vitamin A, vitamin C, calcium, phosphorous, sodium, potassium, magnesium, taurine, and L-carnitine.

Clinical testing has proven that Hill’s J/D can ease aching joints, preserve joint health, and help dogs move better. With this, Hill’s J/D has become an important component in dog arthritis treatment plans.

Hill’s J/D Feeding Guide 

Hill’s J/D can be bought as dry or as canned food. Since Hill’s J/D is a prescription animal health product, the vet’s instructions must be carefully followed.

The following measurements are based on the daily recommended amounts according to your dog’s weight.
Hills J/D Dry

· Dogs weighing 2-3 kg should be given 50-66 grams.
· Dogs weighing 4-5 kg should be given 85-110 grams.
· Dogs weighing 6-8 kg should be given 110-160 grams.
· Dogs weighing 9-10 kg should be given 130-200 grams.
· Dogs weighing 13-16 kg should be given 200-265 grams.
· Dogs weighing 18-20 kg should be given 230-320 grams.
· Dogs weighing 22-27 kg should be given 270-395 grams.
· Dogs weighing 27-30 kg should be given 320-445grams.
· Dogs weighing 31-38 kg should be given 365-495 grams.
· Dogs weighing 36-40 kg should be given 395-545 grams.
· Dogs weighing 45-50 kg should be given 470-645 grams.

Hills J/D canned form 

· Dogs weighing 2-3 kg should be given 1/3-1/2 of the can.
· Dogs weighing 4-5 kg should be given 2/3-3/4 of the can.
· Dogs weighing 9 kg should be given 1-1 1/3 cans.
· Dogs weighing 18 kg should be given 1 2/3-2 1/3 cans.
· Dogs weighing 27 kg should be given 2 1/4-3 cans.
· Dogs weighing 36 kg should be given 2 3/4-3 3/4 can.
· Dogs weighing 45 kg should be given 3 1/3-4 1/2 can.

 Dog Arthritis User Guide Part 3 - Hills JD (PDF)

Choosing the Best Supplement for Arthritic Dogs

Supplements are now being used in the treatment of dog arthritis. Some of the most recommended and trusted brands are Dasuquin, Cosequin, Glycoflex, and GlycanAid. These products are believed to be effective in reversing some of the damage caused by dog arthritis since they are composed of ingredients that are natural components of cartilage tissue in the joints. One such substance is glucosamine, which is an amino sugar essential in the synthesis of glycosamingoglycans or GAGs. GAGs help maintain the structural integrity of joint cartilage by keeping water molecules in the cartilage matrix. The water in the cartilage makes it spongy and, thus, enables the tissue to resist compression more effectively, making them better shock absorbers. Chondroitin is another important ingredient of any supplement, and its function is similar to that of glucosamine.  

MSM and ASU

Other ingredients you should look for in your supplement are MSM and ASU. MSM or methyl-sulfonyl-methane is found in almost all living organisms. It is believed to make the cell membrane more permeable, making the absorption of nutrients and expulsion of toxins easier. ASU or avocado and soybean unsaponifiables help alleviate pain and inflammation caused by dog arthritis as well as complement the effects of chondroitin and glucosamine on the joint cartilage. 

Green-lipped Mussel Extract

Based on studies conducted in New Zealand, arthritic dogs fed with dog food that contained powdered green-lipped mussel extract regained mobility within six weeks. Even with positive results, scientists have yet to discover the mechanism behind the efficacy of the green-lipped extract. Nonetheless, it is believed that the unique combination of fatty acids that are not found in other marine organisms helps in counteracting the effects of dog arthritis. In addition, green-lipped mussel extract contains glycosaminoglycan, an essential component of cartilage.  

Omega-3 Fatty Acids

Omega-3 is a family of unsaturated fatty acids. Omega-3 is an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory. There are two types of omega-3 available in the market: omega-3 from flaxseed oil and omega-3 from fish oil. Between the two, omega-3 from fish oil is more beneficial for your dog. It contains more Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), which is anti-inflammatory. Also, omega-3 from fish oil is absorbed well by the dog’s system.  

Vitamins and Minerals

Vitamins A, C, E and selenium are antioxidants and they help subdue the pain and inflammation caused by dog arthritis. Furthermore, having the right amounts of vitamin D and calcium will make sure your arthritic dog’s bones stay strong.  

Treating Dog Arthritis with Prescription Pain Killers Part 1 - Tramadol

Tramadol is a safer alternative to NSAIDs. Although the use of Tramadol in dogs has yet to gain approval from the FDA, it has become a standard practice among veterinarians to consider the drug as an option for pain management. The efficacy of Tramadol is undeniable. However, science has yet to fully understand its ability to suppress pain. Theoretically, Tramadol supposedly works like morphine. It is believed that it blocks the pain receptors of the brain.  

Giving Your Dog Tramadol 

Unfortunately, Tramadol is not available in all US state and countries. The use of Tramadol in humans has been marred by drug dependency, which is why in some areas it has been listed as a controlled substance. In areas where in the drug is available, you would still need a vet’s prescription. Also, be very discreet when purchasing and using the drug. You do not want to get the attention from the wrong type of people.  

Tramadol comes in different forms, yet, its taste is unpalatable for most dogs. It would be best to mix the drug in the dog’s food. The standard dosage for dog arthritis pain is around 0.45 to 1.8 milligrams per pound of the dog’s body weight for every twelve hours. The dosage for chronic cancer pain is the same dose but given more frequently, every six hours.    

Tramadol Safety Issues 

Tramadol is considered by vets as a safer alternative to NSAIDs. Nevertheless, it does not mean that Tramadol does not have side effects. Tramadol has been known to cause fatigue, a decrease in appetite, breathing difficulties, constipation, diarrhea, vomiting and insomnia. An over dose should be avoided as it can result in the shutdown of the heart and lungs.  

There are also certain drugs when taken with Tramadol that may cause seizures. Hence, when your dog is being given Tramadol, it would be best to avoid these drugs: Selegiline (Anipryl), Mitaban, Amitriptyline, Clomipramine (Clomicalm), Fluoxetine (Prozac, Reconcile), Acepromazine, Warfarin (Coumadin), Digoxin (Lanoxin), and Ketoconazole (Nizoral). 

Lastly, Tramadol is not safe for the following dogs: 

• Dogs being treated with narcotics, sedatives, or anxiety drugs.
• Dogs that have epilepsy or other seizure or metabolic disorders;
• Dogs with kidney, liver or stomach disorders.
• Female dogs that are pregnant, lactating or breeding should avoid the drug. 

 Dog Arthritis Pain Killers - Tramadol  (PDF)

Dog Arthritis Treatment Options Part 5 - Aspirin

Aspirin, generic name acetylsalicylic acid, is an NSAID manufactured by the German pharmaceutical company Bayer. Aspirin is used to treat minor pains, fever, and inflammation. The drug is even used for people who are at risk of heart attack and stroke because Aspirin can actually prevent blood from clotting. In veterinary medicine, Aspirin is used to manage dog arthritis pain and inflammation. It is an effective analgesic because it can inhibit the pro-inflammatory COX enzymes.    

Talking to Your Vet about Aspirin 

Aspirin is an over the counter drug, but using the drug without the supervision of the vet could be dangerous for your dog. Right now, there are products such as Vetrin Aspirin, which claims to be safer on the dog’s gastro-intestinal system. However, one should have a thorough discussion with the vet before considering using Aspirin as there are many safer alternative NSAIDs. The following are some of the questions you should ask your vet: 

• What are the side effects of Aspirin? Aspirin can have the following side effects: vomiting, diarrhea, loss of appetite, dark stools and changes in behavior. Any of these side effects could mean ulcers, intestinal damage or kidney failure, so it is very important to keep an eye out for these side effects. When your dog does exhibits any of these side effects, take your dog to the nearest animal hospital or clinic.
• Is Aspirin safe to use with other drugs? The following are some of the drugs that should not be administered together with Aspirin: Corticsoteroids or NSAIDs such as Rimadyl, Methionine or high doses vitamin C, Furosemide, Phenobarbital, Heparin or Warfarin, Aminoglycoside antibiotics, and Tetracycline products. If you have administering drugs to your dog and the drugs are not in the list, you still need to inform your vet.
• What if my dog has a pre-existing condition? Aspirin is not safe for dogs allergic to NSAIDs; dogs that have bleeding problems such as von Willbrands disease; dogs that have pre-existing gastro-intestinal problems; and female dogs that are breeding, lactating or pregnant.

Use of Aspirin 

The dosage will differ from dog to dog, so only follow what your vet has prescribed specifically for your pet. Nonetheless, the standard dose (assuming that your vet prescribed Vetrin Aspirin) is usually around 8 to 12 milligrams per pound of the dog’s weight every twelve hours. For small dogs it is best to use the 100 milligram tablet but for large dogs the 325 milligram tablet is recommended. Aspirin should always be administered with food.  

Because Vetrin Aspirin is flavored to be more palatable to dogs, it must be stored securely to prevent an accidental overdose.  

Dog Arthritis Treatment -  Aspirin (PDF)

Learning More about Dog Arthritis and Prescription Pain Killers 2 - Gabapentin

Gabapentin is the generic name of the drug Neurontin. Although the drug was initially used to treat epilepsy, Gabapentin is now used as an anti-depressant and pain killer. Gabapentin is effective in controlling epileptic attacks because its chemical structure is similar to a neurotransmitter that is responsible for calming nerve activity in the brain. As a pain reliever, there is much left to be understood as science has yet to reveal the true mechanisms behind its analgesic properties.    

Using Gabapentin Safely 

Gabapentin requires a vet’s prescription before it can be purchased. Although the drug is not yet FDA approved for dogs, it has become an accepted practice among vets to consider Gabapentin for treating dog arthritis pain. Nevertheless, it is very important that you have discussed important points relating to the drug with your vet:

1)      Side Effects. Gabapentin is generally safe. There are very few reports on the drug’s side effects. Nevertheless, Gabapentin may cause vomiting, diarrhea, drowsiness, loss of balance, and lethargy. There are not many studies regarding Gabapentin’s side effects, as the drug has only been used as a pain reliever for a relatively short period of time. Hence, report any changes in your dog’s physical or behavioral condition during treatment to your vet. 

 2)      Drug Interactions. There are only a few drugs that have been proven to affect Gabapentin’s action. Antacids should never be given at the same time with Gabapentin as they prevent the dog’s gastro-intestinal system from absorbing the drug. Also, narcotics should be avoided since they can exacerbate any side effects.

 3)      Your Dog’s Current Condition. It is best to avoid Gabapentin when your dog has a liver or kidney disorder. Also, studies have revealed that the use of Gabapentin may be a contributing factor in dog miscarriages. Hence, female dogs that are breeding or pregnant should not be given the drug.  

Preventing an Over Dose 

Gabapentin is available in 100 milligram and 300 milligram capsules. The standard dosage of the drug for treating seizures requires a higher dose of 4.5 milligrams to 13.5 milligrams per pound of the dog’s weight every eight to twelve hours, but for the treatment of dog arthritis pain, a lower dose of 1.4 milligrams per pound just once day is preferred. 

 The use of Gabapentin should not be immediately stopped as this will result in the pain rebounding and can cause withdrawal symptoms. Vets tend to recommend a gradual reduction of the dose over a time span of approximately three weeks.

 For correct storage, keep Gabapentin in a very secure place. For security reasons, keep the drug discreetly as it has been reported to be taken for drug recreational use.

 Dog Arthritis and Prescription Pain Killers 2 - Gabapentin

Dog Arthritis Treatment Options Part 4 – Deramaxx

Deramaxx, generic name Deracoxib, was first developed by Novartis. It is a prescription drug that comes in the form of an artificially flavored tablet. Deramaxx is a COXIB class NSAID.  This means that Deramaxx is able to selectively suppress only the effects of the pro-inflammatory COX-2 enzyme while allowing sparing COX-1 enzyme, which is involved in the protective lining of the stomach and intestines and also needed for proper blood circulation through the kidneys.

Talking to Your Vet about Deramaxx 

 When considering the use of Deramaxx, it is important to have a thorough discussion about the dangers of the drug. The following are some of the questions you need to ask your vet. 

• What are the side effects of Deramaxx?  Deramaxx can cause gastro-intestinal damage and renal failure in dogs. Dog owners should be monitoring for bloody, black, or tarry stools; bloody vomit; unexplained weight gain; lethargy; skin rashes or constant itching; jaundice; or unusual bruising or bleeding.  If your dog develops any of these side effects, take them to the nearest animal hospital or clinic and have your dog examined by a vet so the right treatment can be given.
• Is Deramaxx safe to use with other drugs? Your vet should inform you of the drugs that are known to have harmful reactions when taken alongside Deramaxx. Some of these drugs are other NSAIDs, steroids, methotrexate, diuretics, Phenobarbital, and antibiotics.
• Is it safe for all dogs? Unfortunately, the answer is no. Deramaxx is not safe for dogs that are allergic to NSAIDs or those with pre-existing stomach, intestine, or liver conditions. As a precaution, Deramaxx should not be given to pregnant or lactating dogs.

 The Use of Deramaxx

It is always important to follow your vet’s instructions, especially when it comes to administering the right dosage.  

For Deramaxx, 0.45 to 0.91 milligrams per pound of the dog’s weight once a day is normally recommended for the management of dog arthritis pain and inflammation. The drug is also helpful in the suppressing of post-operative pain. Here, the dosage is usually 1.4-1.8 milligrams once a day for a maximum of seven days 

Deramaxx can be administered with or without food. Just make sure your dog has enough water to drink.  

For proper storage, the drug should be kept in room temperature and protected from direct sunlight.

 Dog Arthritis Treatment Options Part 4 – Deramaxx  (PDF)